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Moscow–Washington hotline
The Moscow–Washington hotline (formally known in the United States as the Washington-Moscow Direct Communications Link) is a system that allows direct communication between the leaders of the United States and Russia. This hotline was established in 1963 and links the Pentagon with the Kremlin (historically, with Soviet Communist Party leadership across the square from the Kremlin itself〔). Although in popular culture known as the "red telephone", the hotline was never a telephone line, and no red phones were used. The first implementation used Teletype equipment, and shifted to fax machines in 1986. Since 2008, the Moscow–Washington hotline is a secure computer link over which messages are exchanged by email.
== Origins ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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